the most important quality requirments for safty leathers for footwear

1. test requirments

Test---------------------Requirements

---------------Shaft upper matrial------insoleleather-------Lining/ Tongue
thickness-------- min------------------ min--------------Min
For dry areas --------(-)-------------- 2.0mm---------- 0.8mm
All other areas -------(-)-------------- 2.5mm------------0.8mm
Ladies footwear ------1.5mm ----------(-)---------------(-)

Men's shoes ----------1.8mm ----------(-)------------(-)

Men's boots ----------2.4mm-----------(-)------------(-)

abrasion -------------(-)------------- Maxi.5% --------(-)

Distension of grain ----Min.7.0mm-----(-)-----------------(-)

Split tear force --------Min.100N-------(-) -----------------Min.18N
Water vapors
permeability --------Min.0.85 mg *h-1 *cm-2--(-)------------2.0mg * h-1 *cm-2
Water absorption -----(-)----------------After 8 hours min.35% ------(-)
Release of water ------(-)------------After 16 hours min 40%--------(-)

Water proof depending

on type of shoe Min.60/90 minutes --------(-)-------------------(-)

leather is always leather

we provide you complete information about leather from raw to finish leather
processes and chemicals used defects and remedies.experience guidline reference leather defects books
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Soaking process

. operational regular temperature measurement (especially in warm climate)
and if soaking is performed at high temperature
2. Regular pH measurements if sharpened alkalis are added for dried skin
3. Determination of the specific weight of skin and hide cured by means of salt. This indicates the progress of demineralization and shows whether the water should be changed.
4. Determination of soaked weight .Enable a check in relation to the green weight and of the water absorption that must be increased up to 60%
5 If soaking liquor is used several times, the content of common salt should be
determined in order to determine excessive content. A high amount of common salt
has a soak-inhibiting effect.

salt should not be sea salt.

4. If soaking liquors are used several times, the content of common salt should be determined in order to avoid an excessive content. A high amount of common salt has a soak-inhibiting effect.
Equipment used for soaking
Pit
Pit is most commonly used equipment for soaking process yet. Easy to check process in pit and can loaded and unloaded easily. More capacity to add skin. more time required in pit if soaking is being done of dried skin. more time compare to paddle or drum soaking.

normal time in pit soaking is 12 hours for salted and wet salted

for dry salted and dried skin 24 hours are the time
Paddle
Paddle can also be used for soaking process especially for wet salted and dry salted skin. Where the movement of skin causes no problem. Less time as compare to pit method
Drum
Drum is also used for soaking process especially for hide of cow and buffalo. Less time is taken for soaking by using drum.

Live stock in worlwide
cattle 1,434 million
annual slaughtring rate
15 -25 % average is differnet in differnet countries
sheep stock 1,213 million
annual slaughtring rate
25 - 45 % different in different countries\
goat stock 569 million
annual slaughtring rate
20 - 40 %
pigs 840 million
annual slaughtring rate
about 100 % only in few countries and skin used is limted
horse 66 million
annual slaughtring rate
yied of hides varies considerably in the sighle contries
reptiles

occurance account for less than 0.2 % of the total prodution
types
crocodile, alligators ,caymans, turtle ,lizards, snakes.