Finishing defects

Sedimentation
causes: Pigment finishes, lacquer emulsions and mixed finishing products are multi component systems with different specific weights of the single components.During storage the components having specific weight sediment and stick firmly together. 
Remedy: basically, the product should be thoroughly stirred in the containers before use. Failure to do so results in a greatly varying concentration. This lead to a variable content of solids in the finishing float and to a more or less significant difference in shade in pigment finishes. In the case of binder, film formation is impaired which reduces the fastness properties. A suitable solvent in solution during mixing is helpful to avoid this problem.
Separation of layers
Causes: mixed product containing components with different charges charge could be anionic with mixing cationic and emulsified system can break and result in phase separation into two or more layers.
Remedy 
The product should be stirred well in the containers before use. Absolute homogeneity of the product is important; otherwise it should not be used. 

Coagulation 
Causes: finishing product on an aqueous basis and especially thermoplastic binder are susceptible to the cold. Irreversible coagulation is caused by frost. Damaged products cannot be used any more and should be disposed of. 
   
Remedy 
It is absolutely necessary to protect the product against cold during transportation and storage. Many products is stable at specific temperature if temperature is varied the product could be changed in character.