Students can attend a college or university for Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), or Commerce/Business Administration (BCom/BBA) degree courses. There are two types of Bachelor courses in Pakistan: Pass or Honours. Pass requires two years of study and students normally read three optional subjects (such as Chemistry, Mathematics, Economics, Statistics) in addition to almost equal number of compulsory subjects (such as English, Pakistan Studies and Islamic Studies). Honours courses require three or four years of study, and students normally specialize in a chosen field of study, such as Biochemistry (BSc Hons. Biochemistry). It is important to note that Pass Bachelors is now slowly being phased out for Honours throughout the country.
After earning their Higher Secondary (School) Certificate (HSSC)), students may study for professional Bachelor's degree courses such as engineering (B Engg), medicine (MBBS), veterinary medicine(DVM), law (LLB), agriculture (BSc Agri), architecture (B Arch), nursing (B Nurs). These courses require four or five years of study, depending upon the degree.
To earn a Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) degree, students must first earn a Diploma of Associate Engineer (a 3-year course), then attend a Bachelor of Technology program for four years.
Some Master's degree programs require one and a half years of study. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) education is also available in selected areas. Students pursuing PhD degrees must choose a specific field and a university that is doing research work in that field. PhD education in Pakistan requires at least 3–5 years of study.
Pakistani universities churn out almost 1.2 million skilled graduates annually. The government has announced a $1 billion spending plan over the next decade to build 6 state-of-the-art science and engineering universities. The scheme would be overseen by the Higher Education Commission..
Gender Disparity
Among other criticisms the Pakistani education system faces is the gender disparity in enrollment levels. However, in recent years some progress has been made in trying to fix this problem. In 1990-91, the female to male ratio (F/M ratio) of enrollment was 0.47 for primary level of education. It reached to 0.74 in 1999-2000, so the F/M ratio has improved by 57.44% within the decade. For the middle level of education it was 0.42 in the start of decade and increased to 0.68 by the end of decade, so it has improved almost 62%. In both cases the gender disparity is decreased but relatively more rapidly at middle level. But for whole of the decade the gender disparity remained relatively high at middle level, despite the fact that for the duration the F/M ratio for teachers and F/M ratio of educational institutions at the middle level remained better than at the primary level.The gender disparity in enrolment at secondary level of education was 0.4 in 1990-91 was 0.67% in 1999-2000, so the disparity has decreased by 67.5% in the decade or at the average rate of 6.75% annually. At the college level it was 0.50 in 1990-91 and it reached 0.81 in 1999-2000, so gender disparity decreased by 64% with an annual rate of 6.4%. The gender disparity has decreased comparatively rapidly at secondary school. The gender disparity in educational institutions at the secondary level of education was changed from 0.36 in 1990-91 to 0.52 in 1999-2000 with a 44% change. The same type of disparity at the college level was 0.56 in 1990-91 and reached at 0.64 in 1999-2000 with 14% change in the decade. The disparity at the college level has improved much less than that at the secondary level.
However, the gender disparity is affected by the Taliban enforcement of a complete ban on female education in the Swat district, as reported in a January 21, 2009 issue of the Pakistan daily newspaper The News. Some 400 private schools enrolling 40,000 girls have been shut down. At least 10 girls' schools that tried to open after the January 15, 2009 deadline by the Taliban were blown up by the militants in the town of Mingora, the headquarters of the Swat district. "More than 170 schools have been bombed or torched, along with other government-owned buildings."
Spending on Education
As a percentage of GDP, Pakistan spends only 2.9% of it on Education.However, the government recently approved the new national education policy, which would result in education being allocated 7% of the GDP.[ An idea, first suggested by the Punjab government. The government plans to raise the literacy rate to 85% by 2015. In accordance with the target set by the Millennium Development Goals for Pakistan.Universities in the World Top 1000
During 1947-2003, not a single university in Pakistan could be ranked among the top 600 of the world, but today five Pakistani universities belong to this prestigious group, with the National University of Science and Technology at No 350 (Times, Higher Education, UK rankings) In the field of Natural Sciences, the progress is even more remarkable, with the University of Karachi ranked at 223, National University of Science and Technology ranked at 260 and Quaid-e-Azam University ranked at 270.Statistics
Literacy Since 1947
Definition:[17]
b) 1961 Census: One who is able to read with understanding a simple letter in any language. 16.3%
c) 1972 Census: One who is able to read and write in some language with understanding. 21.7%
d) 1981 Census: One who can read newspaper and write a simple letter 26.2%
e) 1998 Census: One who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter, in any language. 43.9%
The present (2008) projected literacy rate for Pakistan is 56% (male 69% : female 44%)
Literacy by Province (1972 to Present)
1972
| Province | Literacy Rate |
|---|---|
| Punjab | 20.7% |
| Sindh | 30.2% |
| NWFP | 15.5% |
| Balochistan | 10.1% |
1981
| Province | Literacy Rate |
|---|---|
| Punjab | 27.4% |
| Sindh | 31.5% |
| NWFP | 16.7% |
| Balochistan | 10.3% |
1998
| Province | Literacy Rate |
|---|---|
| Punjab | 46.56% |
| Sindh | 45.29% |
| NWFP | 35.41% |
| Balochistan | 26.6% |
2008
| Province | Literacy Rate |
|---|---|
| Punjab | 60.2% |
| Sindh | 57.7% |
| NWFP | 49.9% |
| Balochistan | 48.8% |
School attendance
Population aged 10 & over that has ever attended school, highest and lowest figures by region. Islamabad has the highest rate in the country at 85%, whilst Jhal Magsi has the lowest rate at 20%.| Region | Highest | Lowest |
|---|---|---|
| Punjab | Rawalpindi (77%) | Muzaffargarh & Rajanpur (40%) |
| Sindh | Karachi (78%) | Jacobabad (34%) |
| NWFP | Abbottabad (67%) | Upper Dir (34%) |
| Balochistan | Quetta (64%) | Jhal Magsi (20%) |
| Rank | District | Province | Literacy rate | Rank | District | Province | Literacy rate |  Islamabad  Rawalpindi, Punjab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Islamabad | Capital Territory | 72.38% | 11 | Gujranwala | Punjab | 56.55% | |
| 2 | Rawalpindi | Punjab | 70.45% | 12 | Haripur | North-West Frontier | 53.72% | |
| 3 | Karachi | Sindh | 65.26% | 13 | Narowal | Punjab | 52.65% | |
| 4 | Lahore | Punjab | 64.66% | 14 | Faisalabad | Punjab | 51.94% | |
| 5 | Jhelum | Punjab | 63.92% | 15 | Toba Tek Singh | Punjab | 50.50% | |
| 6 | Gujrat | Punjab | 62.18% | 16 | Attock | Punjab | 49.27% | |
| 7 | Sialkot | Punjab | 58.92% | 17 | Mandi Bahauddin | Punjab | 47.44% | |
| 8 | Quetta | Balochistan | 57.07% | 18 | Sukkur | Sindh | 46.62% | |
| 9 | Chakwal | Punjab | 56.72% | 19 | Sargodha | Punjab | 46.30% | |
| 10 | Abbottabad | North-West Frontier | 56.61% | 20 | Hyderabad | Sindh | 44.25% |
Public universities
- National Defence University, Islamabad
- Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi
- Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad
- Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Islamabad
- National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad
- Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad
- Bahria University, Islamabad
- Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
- Air University, Islamabad
Private universities
- Riphah International University, Islamabad
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad
- Foundation University, Rawalpindi
- Center for advanced studies in engineering, Islamabad
- International Islamic University, Islamabad
Azad Kashmir
Public universities
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur
Private universities
Balochistan Province
Public universities
- Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences, Quetta
- University of Balochistan, Quetta
- Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water & Marine Science, Lasbela
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta
- Balochistan University of Engineering and Technology, Khuzdar
- Bolan Medical College Quetta
Private universities
Khaber Pakhton Khawa (former name NWFP)
Public universities
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad
- Islamia College University, Peshawar
- Khyber Medical University, Peshawar
- University of Science & Technology, Bannu
- University of Peshawar, Peshawar
- University of Malakand, Malakand
- Pakistan Military Academy, Abbotabad
- NWFP University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
- NWFP Agriculture University, Peshawar
- Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat
- Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar
- Hazara University, Mansehra
- Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan
- Frontier Women University, Peshawar
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
- university of science and technology ,Bannu
Private universities
- Qurtaba University of Science & Information Technology, Dera Ismail Khan
- Preston University Pakistan, Kohat
- Northern University, Nowshera
- Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi
- Gandhara University, Peshawar
- City University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar
- CECOS University of Information Technology and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar
- Abasyn University, Peshawar
- Sarhad university of science and inforfation technology, Peshawar
Public universities
Punjab
Public Universities
- National School of Public Policy, Lahore
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
- University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Rawalpindi
- University of Sargodha, Sargodha
- University of the Punjab, Lahore
- University of Health Sciences, Lahore
- University of Gujrat, Gujrat
- University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
- University of Education, Lahore
- University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi
- virtual university of pakistan, pakistan
- University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
- National Textile University, Faisalabad
- National College of Arts, Lahore
- Lahore College for Women University, Lahore
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
- Government College University, Faisalabad
- Government College University, Lahore
- Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi
- Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan
- Umair bhati business school lahore, lahore
Private Universities
- University of Wah, Wah
- University Of Management and Technology, Lahore
- University of South Asia, Lahore
- University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad
- University of Central Punjab, Lahore
- The Superior Uiversity, Lahore
- Minhaj University, Lahore
- Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore
- Lahore School of Economics, Lahore
- Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore, Lahore
- Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore
- Hajvery University, Lahore
- GIFT University, Gujranwala
- Forman Christian College, Lahore
- National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore
- Beaconhouse National University, Lahore
- HITEC University, Taxila
- Forman Christian College, Lahore
- Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore
Sindh
Public universities
- University of Sindh, Jamshoro
- University of Karachi, Karachi
- Sukkur Institute of Business Administration, Sukkur
- Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam
- Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur
- Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Sciences & Technology, Nawabshah
- Pakistan Navy Engineering College, Karachi
- Pakistan Naval Academy, Karachi
- NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi
- Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro
- Institute of Business Administration, Karachi
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
- Dawood College of Engineering and Technology, Karachi
Private universities
- Ziauddin University, Karachi
- University of East, Hyderabad
- Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi
- Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi
- Preston University Pakistan, Karachi
- PLANWEL[1], Karachi
- Preston Institute of Management Sciences and Technology, Karachi
- Newports Institute of Communications and Economics, Karachi
- Nazeer Hussain University, Karachi
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi
- KASB Institute of Information Technology, Karachi
- Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology, Karachi
- Jinnah University for Women, Karachi
- Isra University, Hyderabad
- Iqra University, Karachi
- Institute of Business Management, Karachi
- Institute of Business & Technology, Karachi
- Indus Valley School of Art & Architecture, Karachi
- Indus Institute of Higher Education, Karachi
- Hamdard University, Karachi
- Greenwich University, Karachi
- DHA Suffa University, Karachi
- Dadabhoy Institute of Higher Education, Karachi
- Baqai Medical University, Karachi
- Aga Khan University, Karachi
- Media University, Lahore
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